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Posts Tagged ‘Dan Coury’

Propranolol for Behavior Challenges: Not Yet Ready for Widespread Use

October 10, 2011 17 comments

Posted by Autism Treatment Network Medical Director Dan Coury, MD 

Considerable community and scientific interest has been raised by recent reports that the beta-blocker propranolol improved word use in adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It is important to emphasize that this small study does not provide sufficient evidence of effectiveness or safety to support this use of the drug, which is FDA approved to treat high blood pressure. Although we share excitement in seeing medicines evaluated in bona fide clinical studies, families should be strongly cautioned against over-interpreting media reports as endorsement to pursue this treatment for their loved ones–until larger studies show it is safe and effective.

First and foremost, treatment of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) should include a combination of behavioral and educational interventions. Many children, adolescents, and adults with ASDs also need treatment of associated medical or psychiatric conditions such as gastrointestinal disorders, asthma, anxiety, and symptoms of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

While we have strong evidence that our behavioral treatments provide benefit, we need more research on identifying medicines that can help relieve the core symptoms of ASDs and associated behavior challenges. Interest in propranolol began over 20 years ago, with a small study (involving eight adults with autism) that suggested the drug could reduce problematic aggression. In addition, the researchers noted subtle improvements in language and social behavior. They wondered whether this might be related to the known ability of beta-blockers to reduce the symptoms of so-called overarousal. For instance, some musicians and public speakers will take a beta-blocker immediately before a performance to reduce shakiness from stage anxiety.

The authors of that first study called for further research. And the gauntlet was picked up by David Beversdorf, MD, and his associates at the University of Missouri, one of Autism Speaks Autism Treatment Network (ATN) sites. Their latest report enrolled 14 high functioning teens and adults with autism, all of whom used spoken language. They found that, when taking the medicine, some of the individuals used more words over a given period of time. That is, they had greater “word fluency.” On average, the participants showed 25 percent greater word fluency. However, some of the participants spoke fewer words while taking the medication.

What does this mean? These early studies are too small and too limited in their evidence of benefit for us to recommend that adolescents and adults with ASD begin taking this medicine. We know even less about the safety and effectiveness of beta-blocker medications in younger children. As the authors state, further study is needed to confirm both safety and benefits among a wide range of persons with ASD. And if these benefits are confirmed, we need to find ways to identify which people will respond positively to the medication and which will not. Certainly this is not a medication we want to be administering to everyone on the autism spectrum.

These early studies encourage us to pursue further research with propranolol, as we are doing with an increasing number of other medicines that could potentially help relieve the core symptoms of autism–including repetitive behaviors and impaired communication and social behavior. This exciting and encouraging research includes our study of the biological effects and behavioral benefits of both already approved medications and newly developed compounds.

Meanwhile, we have two FDA-approved medications for treating autism-related irritability that includes aggressive behavior and tantrums. They are risperidone and aripiprazole, both of which influence brain levels of the biochemical serotonin. Newer studies are looking at alternative medicines that affect other brain pathways. Early animal research with these compounds has been promising, and studies are now underway in people.

Bottom line: Studies such as Dr. Beversdorf’s are helping us better understand brain function in persons with ASD. This and related studies will ultimately lead us to new treatments and better outcomes. Until then, please stay tuned.

Categories: Science, Uncategorized Tags: , , , , , , , , , ,

Autism and ADHD

October 4, 2011 54 comments

Posted by Andy Shih, Ph.D., vice president of scientific affairs for Autism Speaks

As researchers and parents, we’ve long known that autism often travels with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). What we haven’t known before is why that is. Also, few studies have examined how ADHD affects the quality of life of those with autism.

In the past month, two studies have come together to help connect our understanding of autism with behavioral issues such as hyperactivity and attention deficit. The first study looked at gene changes in ADHD and autism. The second looked at how frequently parents see the symptoms of ADHD in their children and how seriously these symptoms affect their children’s daily functioning and quality of life.

The upshot of the first study is that the genetic changes seen in children with ADHD often involve the same genes that are associated with autism. This finding helps explain why children with autism often have ADHD symptoms. In other words, if these disorders share a genetic risk factor, it’s logical that they often occur in the same individuals. Genetic insights, in turn, can help scientists understand underlying causes and, so, may improve how we diagnose and treat these issues.

The second study, described in our science news section, helps clarify both how commonly children on the autism spectrum are affected by ADHD symptoms and documents how this affects their daily function and quality of life. Perhaps the most notable observation was that, even though over half of the children in the study had ADHD symptoms that worsened both daily function and quality of life, only about 1 in 10 was receiving medication to relieve such symptoms.

Clearly, we need more research on whether standard ADHD medications benefit children struggling with both autism and hyperactivity and attention deficits. However, studies have long shown that these medications improve the quality of life of many children with ADHD alone. Autism specialists such as Dan Coury, M.D., medical director of Autism Speaks Autism Treatment Network (ATN), recommend that parents discuss with their child’s physician whether a trial of such medications could be of benefit. (Dr. Coury co-authored the second study.)

On a deeper level, this research raises a question: Why is it, given the same genetic changes, some children develop autism alone, some develop autism and ADHD symptoms, and some develop neither—or something completely different?

I and other geneticists have seen how a given genetic change can alter normal development in various ways—if it does so at all. We have good evidence, for example, that outside influences affect how and whether autism develops in those who are genetically predisposed to it. These influences include a variety of stresses and exposures during critical periods of brain development—particularly in the womb and around the time of birth.

Still, by better understanding how altered genes produce symptoms—be they hyperactivity or social difficulties—we gain important insights into how to develop treatments that can improve the daily function and quality of life of those affected.

Ultimately there’s no substitute for working with your child’s physician and behavioral specialist to address your child’s behavioral challenges and needs within the context of your goals and values. To this end, the specialists at Autism Speaks Autism Treatment Network have developed a medication decision aid—“Should My Child Take Medicine for Challenging Behavior?”—available for free download on our website. Please let us know what you think.

Categories: Science Tags: , , , , , , , , , ,

Autism Treatment Network LIVE Chat with Dan Coury, MD and Nancy Jones, PhD Transcript

September 15, 2011 6 comments
On September 14, Dan Coury, MD, the medical director of Autism Speaks’ Autism Treatment Network (ATN) and Nancy Jones, Ph.D., the ATN Program Director hosted a webchat, answering questions related to the release of the new ATN tool kits, “Medication Decision Aid Tool Kit” and “Blood Draw Tool Kit.”
We would love to hear your feedback! What did you think of the chat? Were your questions answered? Do you have any additional comments or questions you would like to add?
12:51
Hi Everybody,Welcome to another Autism Speaks science webchat. Today we’re pleased to have two hosts to field your questions:Dan Coury, MD, is the medical director of Autism Speaks’ Autism Treatment Network (ATN), a system of 17 advanced autism treatment centers across North America, where children and adolescents receive integrated care that includes treatment for associated medical conditions such as sleep disturbances and gastrointestinal issues. As a developmental-behavioral pediatrician, Dr. Coury has cared for children and adolescents with developmental disorders including autism for more than 25 years at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, in Columbus, Ohio. Dr. Coury is also a professor of pediatrics and psychiatry at Ohio State University.Dr. Coury will be fielding your medical questions related to the release of the ATN new toolkits: “Autism: Should My Child Take Medicine for Challenging Behavior?” and “Taking the Work Out of Blood Work: Helping Your Child with ASD.”With Dr. Coury today is ATN Program Director Nancy Jones, PhD. Dr. Jones can answer more general questions about the ATN and its member clinics.
DISCLAIMER: The responses in this webchat are not to be construed as medical advice or treatment, nor should they take the place of individualized medical consultation with your or your child’s doctors and other healthcare providers.
12:54
Comment From Danielle Smith

My son was recently diagnosed with ASD and the dr has him on focalin 2.5mg but it doesnt seem to work and since there really is no medication for autism is it wise for me to keep him on this medicine
12:56
Dr. Coury here. It depends on what the goal was for the Focalin. If it is to improve attention or overactive symptoms, it may be either too low a dose or simply not helpful as you describe. You should discuss options with your doctor at this point. Other medicines might be more helpful.
12:57
Comment From Lisa

My son has been prescribed Tenex at 1/2 mg every night, seems to help take the edge off of him & make him alot happier. any opinion on this new drug?
12:58
Dr. Coury here. Tenex has been used off-label for many years for children with autism to treat different symptoms. It has been shown to be effective for attention and overactive symptoms, and some parents report help with sleep issues.
12:58
Comment From Daniella

How early on is autism detected in a child? Are there activities can do to help with their development before school age?
12:58
Daniella, Dr. Jones here. Autism can be detected as early as 16 months and is typically diagnosed at around 3 years. But early signs of autism can be seen earlier than this. You can learn more about the early signs on the Autism Speaks websitehttp://www.autismspeaks.org/what-autism/learn-signs.
12:59
Comment From Nancy

Hi, my name is Nancy and my Grandson has Autism. At bedtime he gets this sudden rush of energy, making it impossible for him to sleep, what do you think about giving a child melatonin?
1:02
Dr. Coury here. Melatonin has been shown to be effective and safe in promoting sleep in individuals with autism disorders. It is worth discussing with your grandchild’s doctor.
1:02
Comment From Scott

My son was Diagnosed at 18 months with ASD. He is now 4 years old and has never been prescribed any medication for his disorder. It has never even been brought up before??
1:02
Dr. Coury here: A great question Scott. Not every person with autism has behavior that requires medication as part of the treatment plan. Your doctor may not have seen a need.
1:05
Comment from Reetta in Montreal:
My 3.5 year old has been taking Valproic for almost two years now. It was originally prescribed because of severe automultilation and suspicion of epilepsy and later continued because with it she sleeps better and is happier during the day. My question: I feel like my daughter is better with this medication but I still constantly question if there is harm in this for her. How do you advice parents in these situations? Why do we question so much more the medication taken for behavior then for example the 2 other meds my daughter takes for her digestive system? I could use any words of wisdom.
Thank you.
1:06
Dr. Coury’s here: I think it is a good idea to review the medications that your child takes at least on an annual basis. Why is my child taking this, is it doing what it is meant to do, are we on the proper dose? If things are going well, the tendency is to continue the medication because of the good that is seen. However, sometimes problem behaviors fade away and don’t necessarily come back. One option to consider is gradually weaning your child from the medication over a long period of time – many months to a year. Also, if the dose has not changed over the past two years it is possible that your child has outgrown the dose and is already “weaning” herself because she is receiving a sub-optimal dose. Your child does mature and acquire positive behaviors – sleeping better, better mood – through activities and treatments in addition to medicine.I think parents question medicine for behavior more than for other reasons – digestive, etc – because parents feel that their child’s behavior is a result of something the parents are doing wrong. I think when parents consider all the possible reasons for their child’s behavior and determine that it is not due to parenting actions, those parents feel more comfortable that medication is part of the overall treatment plan.
1:07
Dr. Coury here. Ritalin and other medicines used for ADHD such as Strattera, Focalin and Adderall can be helpful in treating attention and hyperactive/impulsive symptoms. The dosage varies according to each child, but the dosages you describe here are fairly typical. These options are worth discussing with your doctor if these are challenging behaviors for your child.
1:07
Comment From Guest

How do you feel about Ritalin (10 mg daily, 5mg morning and 5 mg afternoon) for a 4.5 year old (will be 5 Jan. 1st)? He has been diagnosed with PDD-NOS, Apraxia, ADHD, and behavioral issues. I give him fish oil too, would like more info on dosage for fish oil. Thanks.
1:09
Comment From Guest

My son is 10, severe autism, and nonverbal. Sometimes he cries for no apparent reason…and then he tends to get angry and grabbing everything and controlling what everyone does and where everything is “located” He is on risperidone (new) .25 mg at night…he has been using prozac for major anxiety and valproic acid for seizures. We also use melatonin at night to help sleep.
1:11
Dr. Coury here. Risperidone is FDA approved to treat “irritability” seen with autism – the moodiness, difficulty transitioning and angry / aggressive behaviors that accompany that difficulty. It can be very helpful. The prozac, valproic acid and melatonin are all medicines that are commonly used to manage the target symptoms / behaviors you describe.
1:12
Comment From Jessie

My son was diagnosed at 2 and is now 4. He has autism, ADHD and Epilepsy. Should he be on medication for this and how do these all fit together?
1:13
Dr. Coury here. The Autism Speaks ATN Medication Decision Aid is designed to help families make this decision. Not every person with autism requires medication. There are several factors to consider.
1:14
Comment From Nancy

could you explain what PDD-Nos is?
1:14
To Nancy, Dr. Jones here. PDD-NOS is one of the diagnoses that are part of the group of disorders called Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). You can also find more information about diagnosis at http://www.autismspeaks.org/what-autism/diagnosis, which has a link to frequently asked questions. PDD-NOS is typically given to children who may have social impairments associated with autism but not necessarily both the language and repetitive behaviors and may have more mild symptoms
1:14
Comment From Melanie

My son is 6 and his anxiety has increased dramatically. His Dr is recommending prozac. I am hesitant because he is so young and I feel all the correct supports are not in place yet. However, he has started eloping and I am scare he is going to hurt himself. When do you finally decide to take that next step?
1:17
Dr. Coury here. Melanie, you are considering all the right factors. The Autism Speaks ATN Medication Decision Aid is intended to help families sort out these issues, identify what needs to be discussed further with your physician, and come to a decision that you are comfortable with. Be sure to identify clearly what the target behaviors are for the medicine that is being recommended.
1:17
Comment From Kevin

My son has Asperger’s and although my daughter has not been formally diagnosed yet, we suspect she does too. She is 10 and suffers from extreme social anxiety and is starting to show signs of depression. We are considering medication for her anxiety/depression. Can you comment on specific medications that work for children with Asperger’s? Do the potential benefits in using anti-anxiety medication outweigh the potential side effects?
1:19
Dr. Coury here. The usual anxiety medications such as zoloft, prozac and celexa have all been used to treat anxiety in individuals with autism. They can be effective, although it seems they are less effective than in typically developing individuals. For most cases the potential benefits outweigh the potential sideeffects.The ATN Medication Decision Aid can help guide you through the questions to discuss with your doctor in coming to a decision on this.
1:20
Comment From Lucy Maldonado

Why there’s Doctors that don’t beleive in the diagnosis of ASD given from my son’s Neurologist just because he is too young (yrs)?? And he was denied for Wrap around services because of that?? SOmetime I feel very diaspointed. But now we just did the grievance
1:20
Comment From Marissa

My 21 year old son has never needed medication for his autism, however, he has been experiencing behavior that likely needs medical intervention (very stimulated/over-stimulated, has displayed SIB and aggressed at others, can’t attend, hyper, etc.). This behavior is episodic in nature and he has extended periods of calm, happy behavior which used to be is typical disposition. Dr. is recommending using risperdol as a PRN due to the episodic nature of the behavior. Does this sound correct? Should we be looking into other meds or daily meds?
1:21
To Lucy Maldonado, Dr. Jones here. Autism Speaks Family services has Autism Response Team (ART) members who can help with questions about local services. They are specially trained to connect families with information, resources and opportunities.Call them at 888-AUTISM 2 (288-4762) or email at familyservices@autismspeaks.org.
1:23
Dr. Coury here: Marissa, the ATN Medication Decision Aid can help guide you through this decision process. An important part of your decision is the episodic nature of your son’s problems, and determining how much of a problem this behavior poses to him. Medicines such as risperdal are not usually used as PRN or “as needed”. More detailed discussion with your doctor may suggest other potential medicine options.
1:24
Comment From Gina

My daughter has selective mutism. Is there a med . for this?
1:25
Dr. Coury here: Gina, there is no specific medicine for selective mutism. This is generally thought to be related to anxiety disorders, and the anxiety medicines such as zoloft and prozac have been used to treat this in individuals who otherwise are developing normally.
1:28
Comment From Barbara

Are there really any vitamins or supplements that Autistic children need? My grandson eats no vegetables or fruit and has sensory issues.
1:31
To Barbara, Dr. Jones here. I am sharing with you an article from some of our ATN clinicians on frequently asked questions about nutritional needs of children with ASD.http://www.autismspeaks.org/sites/default/files/documents/airperspectives_newsletter_layout_final_lr.pdf(page 7)Nutritional needs are very individual especially if you grandson has eating preferences. You and your family can work with your clinician or a registered dietician to determine your grandson’s specifc needs. You can find information here: www.eatright.org ”Find a Registered Dietician”
1:31
Comment From Jill

Are there any medications that are actually FDA approved in treating children under 10 years old? I have seen children as young as 5 years old on up to 5 or 6 different psych meds. Does not sound very safe. Is this common practice?
1:32
Dr. Coury here. Jill, there are many medications FDA approved to treat common symptoms seen in autism that are approved down to age 6. These include the usual ADHD medicines as well as risperidone and abilify. The use of multiple medicines is common, as doctors try to find the right medicine to treat the person’s symptoms or target behaviors and most medicines don’t treat all of these challenging behaviors. In general most physicians try hard to avoid medicine in children under 5, and always try to avoid multiple medicines. The ATN Medication Decision Aid can help keep parents and doctors on track in choosing medicines and whether to keep on more than one medicine.
1:35
Comment from Louise
My son, 12 yrs, on abilify. It helps a little but still the dose is probably not high enough. I’m nervous abt increasing it. We have tried him on and off various meds and NOT being on something is not an option. Behaviors not just challenging..can be dangerous. AT A LOSS OF WHAT TO DO!
1:36
Dr. Coury here: Finding the right medicine at the right dose can be frustrating, and often takes time. It is a good idea to be cautious about simply increasing a dose without considering alternative approaches. Among the factors to consider: Have other medicines besides Abilify been tried? If not, and your child is near or at maximum dosage, a switch to another medication may be in order. Other medicines from a similar class of drugs or a different class of drugs may need to be considered. Reviewing the target symptoms or behaviors can help with this problem solving. It is also important to be certain whether the problem being addressed is one that can be treated with medicine, or whether it requires more of a behavioral approach. It may be that a combination of medication and behavioral management is what is needed.
1:36
Comment From Teresa

One of my autistic children is on 4 different meds. Some of these are epilepsy meds. Is that normal or common to give autistic children those types of meds? Also, our doctor told us to not feed our children anything with preservatives in it-to grow our own food and freeze it. Will that really help?
1:37
Dr. Coury here. Teresa, some epilepsy medicines such as valproic acid and carbamazepine are also approved to treat bipolar disorder. These medicines are referred to as mood stabilizers. The mood swings and outbursts seen in some people with autism lead doctors to prescribe these medicines, and they can be helfpul. There is more and more good research coming out regarding food dyes and preservatives, and limiting them is probably a good idea, but everything in moderation. It may not be feasible for you to grow all your own food, etc.
1:39
Comment From debra

Are the risks worth the results in autitic children with anger behaviour issues?
1:39
Dr. Coury here: Debra, your question is an important one in deciding whether to use medicine to help wiht challenging behaviors. The ATN Medication Decision Aid can help guide you through this decision process, and most especially ask your doctor the right questions.
1:43
Comment from Yvonne
My 9 year old son is high functioning with ASD and PDDNOS. He dislikes the doctors office and is terrified of any shots or needles. I totally understand since it takes 2 people to hold him down for shots and 3 people to attempt to draw blood. What could you recommend since he is coming up on his year check up that does require shots and they will also want a blood test completed. Any help would be greatly appreciated.
1:44
Dr. Jones’s here … There are many things you can do to help you and your son prepare for blood draws. Detailed ideas are discussed in our blood work toolkit, which you can download at here. It also provides practical examples and sample visual supports you can print out and use for your visit.Key things highlighted in the toolkit are: 1) preparing for the visit; 2) learning and practicing relaxation and distraction techniques; 3) using visual supports and social stories to help your child prepare for the visit. It can be helpful to practice the techniques at home before your visit. Another key part of preparing for and managing a visit is working with the local clinic staff. Since your son has an annual visit coming up, we’d recommend you communicate with your nurse or healthcare provider in advance of the visit and discuss your concerns. The blood work toolkit is available in a version for your healthcare professional. It can be helpful to share this with your healthcare team and discuss the information with them before your next visit. You can work with them to be sure they have any pain management or other supplies available and that they can help with relaxation techniques.
1:45
Comment From Guest

How long do you recommend in trying a treatment before introducing another varialbe?
1:45
Dr. Coury here; How long to wait before introducing another variable depends on the previous varialbe or medicine. For some medicines, a change can be done within a few days; for other medicines it may be several weeks before you and your doctor have seen all of the potential benefit of a medicine or other treatment. Your doctor should be able to describe this timeline when a medicine is started.
1:47
Comment From Peggy

My son is 10, and is high function,and is ADHD, is on no meds. But has major anxiety, poor social skills, has hard time with comprehension, along with sound sensitive. He has Med-i-cal . I am in need of help, he is just enough “normal” not to get into Inland Reginal Center (state funded) can you recommend anything to help me out?
1:48
To Peggy, Dr. Jones here. I would also suggest you contact our Autism Speaks Family services Autism Response Team (ART) members. They can help with questions about local services. They are specially trained to connect families with information, resources and opportunities.Call them at 888-AUTISM 2 (288-4762) or email atfamilyservices@autismspeaks.org.We also have a searchable database of resources. It is searchable by state:http://www.autismspeaks.org/community/fsdb/search.php I am not sure you are in the greater LA area but you can also contact our ATN center at CHLA for help with regional services:Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles (Los Angeles, CA)
Contact: Kathryn Smith
Phone: (323) 361-6102
1:49
Comment From Joanne

Is there a chance that stimming behavior will improve with age? Is there anything that can be done to help control or lessen them?
1:51
Dr. Coury here: Joanne, there are medicines that can help reduce stimming behavior. Behavioral interventions are also helpful. The ATN Medication Decision Aid can help you make the decision whether to consider medicine or not. Generally medicine will not make these behaviors disappear without behavioral intervention accompanying them.
1:53
Comment From joanne

I had my son on melatonin and it never worked, is there another drug i can get to help him sleep.
1:55
Dr. Coury here: Joanne, there are a variety of medicines that are used to help promote sleep in children and adolescents with autism. There is some research to support using clonidine. There are many others that are also tried, which suggests that we really don’t have a perfect answer for this problem.
1:58
Comment From Sarah

Hi Dr. Coury, My son is 14, (diagnosed at age 3 with autistic disorder), he started taking risperidone over the summer for irritability. It is helping, but his appetite is crazy, and he has really put on a lot of weight. Is there any evidence that anything could help this, like omega 3s?
1:58
Dr. Coury here: Sarah, increased appetite and accompanying weight gain is one of the significant side effects of risperdal. We usually recommend a good activity plan and strategies to decrease access to food. The Autism Speaks ATN is starting a new research study examining the use of a medication to help reduce appetite and weight gain from medicines like this.
2:00
Comment From dee

my grandson has autism and his eating habits are very poor..school recommends putting him on antidepressants…will this help him
2:00
Dr. Coury here: Dee, it depends on what the school and your childs doctor thinks is causing the poor appetite. If your child is depressed, it could help. However, many antidepressants can cause decreased appetite and may make things worse. This one requires good discussion with your doctor.
2:00
Thanks everyone for GREAT questions. Forgive us that we could not get to all of them.We’ll try to answer more on the “Got Questions?” section of our Science Blog. And we’ll be back with more webchats and more ATN toolkits in the coming months. Meanwhile, look for the full transcript of this webchat in tomorrow’s science blog.Here are the links:http://blog.autismspeaks.org/category/science/http://blog.autismspeaks.org/category/science/got-questions/

Categories: Science Tags: , , , , ,

Join Our Webchat with Dr. Coury: Should My Child Take Medicine for Challenging Behavior? What Can Help My Child Stay Calm during Routine Blood Work?

September 12, 2011 4 comments

Please join us Wednesday, Sept. 14 at 1 pm Eastern/10 am Pacific, for a live webchat with Dan Coury, MD, medical director of Autism Speaks’ Autism Treatment Network (ATN) and chief of developmental and behavioral pediatrics at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, in Columbus, Ohio. Dr. Coury will be answering questions related to the release of the ATN’s first two toolkits for parents and healthcare providers:

* “Should My Child Take Medicine for Challenging Behavior?” is a family decision aid that can help you work with your child’s healthcare provider to choose a treatment that matches your needs and values.

* “Taking the Work Out of Blood Work” is an aide for parents and healthcare providers who want to ease the process of routine blood work for children with autism.

You can download both of these toolkits here; and send us webchat questions in advance at sciencechat@autismspeaks.org. Thanks and chat with you soon… 

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